Question 01问题 01
My puppy bites hands hard enough to draw blood咬手咬到流血怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Overtiredness, over-arousal, teething discomfort or bite-inhibition practice that has become too intense.过度疲劳、过度唤起、换牙不适，或咬合力练习已经激烈到无法学习。
What to do today今天怎么做
- End interaction calmly for 3–5 seconds after a painful bite; do not hit, hold the muzzle or yell.咬痛后平静停止互动 3–5 秒；不打、不捏嘴、不吼。
- Redirect to a soft tug or chilled teething toy before hands become the target.在手成为目标前，转向软质 tug 或冷藏换牙玩具。
- Schedule the next protected nap and shorten the next play period.立刻安排下一段不受打扰的午睡，并缩短下一次玩耍。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Bites are puncturing skin repeatedly, the body becomes stiff before biting, handling triggers the bite, or the behaviour changes suddenly; arrange veterinary assessment and qualified behaviour help.反复咬穿皮肤、咬前身体僵住、触碰身体就咬，或行为突然改变；请先做兽医评估并找合格行为专业人士。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 02问题 02
My puppy cries through the night半夜一直叫怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
A toilet need, a crate placed too far from the family, an abrupt first-night transition or too much daytime sleep disruption.需要如厕、笼箱离家人太远、第一晚过渡过急，或白天睡眠被打乱。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Place the crate beside the bed and make the final toilet trip quiet and predictable.把笼箱放在床边，最后一次如厕保持安静、流程固定。
- If the cry begins suddenly with circling or scratching, take the puppy out on lead for a silent toilet trip, then return directly.若叫声突然出现并伴随转圈或刨抓，用牵引绳安静带去如厕，完成后直接回笼。
- Protect daytime naps and avoid exciting play immediately before bedtime.保护白天午睡，睡前不做高兴奋玩耍。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Crying comes with vomiting, diarrhoea, pain, breathing difficulty, persistent drooling, frantic escape attempts or self-injury; contact a veterinarian promptly.叫声伴随呕吐、腹泻、疼痛、呼吸异常、持续流口水、疯狂逃脱或自伤；请尽快联系兽医。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 03问题 03
My puppy howls as soon as the crate door closes一放笼就嚎怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
The crate plan advanced too quickly, the crate predicts isolation, or a basic need was not met before the door closed.笼箱步骤推进太快、笼箱已经预告被隔离，或关门前基本需求尚未满足。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Return to open-door food games and one full meal with the door open.退回开门丢食游戏，并在门开着时吃完一整餐。
- After toileting, close the door for only three calm seconds, open it before distress and repeat.如厕后只关门 3 个平静的秒数，在崩溃前开门并重复。
- Record the session so you can distinguish brief protest from escalating panic.录像记录，区分短暂抗议与持续升级的恐慌。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
The puppy drools, paces continuously, damages the door, eliminates despite having toileted, cannot eat or risks injury when left.独处时流口水、持续踱步、破坏门栓、刚如厕仍排泄、无法进食或有受伤风险。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 04问题 04
My puppy jumps on every person见人就扑怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Jumping has repeatedly produced eye contact, touch or excited speech, so human attention is reinforcing it.扑人反复换来了眼神、触摸或兴奋说话，因此人的关注正在强化扑跳。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Use a gate or lead so the puppy cannot rehearse jumping during greetings.迎接时用门挡或牵引绳，先阻止扑跳被反复练习。
- Remove attention while paws are up; mark and reward the instant all four paws touch the floor.前脚抬起时撤走关注；四脚落地瞬间标记并奖励。
- Ask visitors to approach only while four paws stay down and to step away if jumping restarts.请访客只在四脚落地时靠近；再次扑跳就退开。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Greeting includes a hard stare, stiff body, growling, snapping, fearful retreat or bites, or adults cannot safely manage contact.迎接伴随死盯、身体僵硬、低吼、空咬、恐惧退缩或咬人，或成人无法安全管理接触。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 05问题 05
My puppy chases children and nips their ankles追着孩子咬脚踝怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Running and squealing trigger the Border Collie eye–stalk–chase–grip sequence, and each chase rehearses it again.奔跑与尖叫触发了边牧的盯视—潜行—追逐—扑咬行为链，每追一次都在加深练习。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Separate puppy and running children with a gate or adult-held lead before movement begins.孩子开始跑动前，用门挡或成人手持牵引绳隔开幼犬。
- Teach children to stop, stay quiet and call an adult rather than run or scream.教孩子站住、安静并叫成人，不跑、不尖叫。
- Give a legal outlet with a short rule-based tug game, then cue Go to mat or scatter food to the ground.用短暂、有规则的 tug 提供合法出口，再提示 Go to mat 或做地面撒食。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Nips leave marks, the puppy cannot disengage, guarding or growling appears, or the household cannot maintain physical separation.啃咬留下痕迹、幼犬无法脱离目标、出现护卫或低吼，或家庭无法持续做到物理隔离。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 06问题 06
Toilet training has suddenly gone backwards在家乱尿倒退怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
The interval became too long, supervision loosened, the environment changed, adolescence began, or there is a health issue.外出间隔拉得太长、监督放松、环境变化、进入青春期，或存在健康问题。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Return to the previous successful schedule—typically every 45–60 minutes while awake and after every trigger event.退回上一个成功频率——清醒时通常每 45–60 分钟一次，并覆盖六个必带时刻。
- Record every meal, trip, success and accident for three days.连续三天记录每次进食、外出、成功与意外。
- Clean accidents with enzyme cleaner and restore close supervision or a smaller managed area.用酶清洁剂处理意外，并恢复贴身监督或缩小活动区。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Urination is frequent or painful, there is blood, unusual thirst, lethargy, diarrhoea or a sudden unexplained change; see a veterinarian first.排尿频繁或疼痛、出现血液、异常口渴、精神差、腹泻，或突然发生无法解释的变化；先看兽医。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 07问题 07
My puppy will not eat or seems fussy不吃饭或挑食怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Illness must be excluded first; other possibilities include stress, too many treats, frequent food changes or meals offered all day.必须先排除健康问题；其他可能包括压力、零食过多、频繁换粮或全天摆着食物。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Check energy, drinking, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain and the time of the last normal meal.检查精神、饮水、呕吐、腹泻、疼痛与上次正常进食时间。
- Offer the usual measured food at set mealtimes and count training food within the daily ration.固定餐时提供原本的定量食物，训练用粮计入每日总量。
- Contact your veterinarian for advice rather than repeatedly changing foods or adding rich toppers.联系兽医获取意见，不要反复换粮或不断添加高诱惑拌料。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
A young puppy misses meals, becomes lethargic, cannot keep water down, has diarrhoea, seems painful or loses weight; seek veterinary advice promptly.低龄幼犬漏餐、精神变差、喝水也吐、腹泻、疑似疼痛或体重下降；请尽快咨询兽医。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 08问题 08
My puppy destroys furniture and the house拆家咬家具怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Too much unsupervised access, teething, unmet chewing and sniffing needs, sleep debt, or distress when alone.无监督活动范围过大、换牙、咀嚼与嗅闻需求未满足、睡眠债，或独处时出现痛苦。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Block access with a pen or gate and remove the item before the puppy can rehearse chewing it.用围栏或门挡缩小范围，在幼犬再次练习前移走目标物。
- Place two safe chewing options in the managed area and trade calmly whenever the wrong item is taken.在管理区放两种安全咀嚼物，拿错东西时平静交换。
- Add one short sniffing task and a protected nap; record alone time to check for distress.增加一次短嗅闻任务与一段不受打扰的午睡；录像检查独处时是否崩溃。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
The puppy may have swallowed material, is vomiting, cannot pass stool, damages doors only when alone, drools or risks self-injury.可能吞下异物、出现呕吐或无法排便，或只在独处时破坏门口、流口水、有自伤风险。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 09问题 09
My puppy lies down and will not walk outside一出门就趴地不走怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
The environment is too intense, the surface or equipment feels unfamiliar, the puppy is tired, or movement is uncomfortable.环境强度过高、地面或装备陌生、幼犬疲劳，或移动时不舒服。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Do not drag the lead. Stop, soften the lead and let the puppy observe from a safe distance.不要拖拽。停下、放松绳子，让幼犬在安全距离观察。
- Reward one voluntary look or step, then finish after a very short successful outing.奖励一次主动看向你或主动迈步，并在极短的成功出行后收工。
- Check harness fit, heat and ground temperature, and practise again in an easier location.检查胸背合身度、天气与地面温度，再换到更简单的地点练习。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
For limping, pain, sudden refusal or suspected heat stress, stop the activity and contact a veterinarian promptly; suspected heatstroke is urgent. After physical causes are excluded, seek qualified behaviour assessment for extreme fear or failure to recover after leaving the trigger.若出现跛行、疼痛、突然拒绝或疑似热应激，立刻停止活动并尽快联系兽医；疑似中暑属于紧急情况。排除身体原因后，若仍有极端恐惧或离开刺激后无法恢复，再找合格行为专业人士评估。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 10问题 10
My puppy screams and pulls when another dog appears见到别的狗就尖叫拉扯怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Excitement or worry has crossed the learning threshold, greetings have become an expectation, and the distance is too small.兴奋或担忧已越过学习阈值、见狗就能打招呼已成预期，而且距离太近。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Turn away early and create enough distance that the puppy can eat and respond.提前转向并拉开距离，直到幼犬能吃、能回应。
- Mark one calm look at the dog, then reward the return of attention to you.平静看狗一次就标记，再奖励回头看你。
- Pause on-lead greetings and replace them with short observation sessions or parallel walking.暂停牵引状态下直接打招呼，改为短时观察或平行散步。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
The puppy freezes, growls, lunges, snaps, redirects onto the handler or cannot recover after the other dog leaves.幼犬僵住、低吼、猛冲、空咬、转而咬牵绳人，或对方离开后仍无法恢复。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 11问题 11
My puppy is afraid of the vacuum or thunder怕吸尘器或雷声怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
The sound or movement arrived above threshold, escape was limited, or forced exposure strengthened the fear.声音或移动强度超过阈值、退路受限，或强迫暴露加深了恐惧。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Stop the exposure and provide a quiet safe room with a genuine exit choice.停止暴露，提供安静安全屋，并保留真实退路。
- For controllable sounds, begin later at a barely noticeable volume and pair each sound with food.对可控声音，之后从几乎听不见的音量开始，每次声音都配对食物。
- During real storms, reduce light and sound, offer a familiar chew if the puppy can eat, and do not force contact.真实雷雨时降低光线与噪声；若幼犬能吃则提供熟悉咀嚼物，不强迫接触。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Fear causes escape attempts, shaking that does not settle, refusal of all food, self-injury or prolonged inability to recover.恐惧导致逃脱、持续发抖、完全拒食、自伤，或长时间无法恢复。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 12问题 12
My puppy steals items, will not return them and growls抢东西不给还低吼怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Resource guarding is developing because possession predicts pursuit, grabbing, removal or conflict.资源占有正在形成，因为拿到东西之后总会预告追赶、强抢、失去资源或冲突。
What to do today今天怎么做
Growling is already a red flag. The steps below are immediate safety management while you arrange qualified help, not a do-it-yourself behaviour-modification plan.题设中的低吼已经命中红旗。以下仅是等待专业帮助期间的即时安全管理，不是自行行为矫正方案。
- Do not chase, corner, reach into the mouth or punish the growl.不追、不堵角落、不把手伸进嘴里，也不惩罚低吼。
- From a safe distance, toss several higher-value treats away from the item and pick it up only after the puppy moves away.在安全距离把数块更高价值食物抛离物品，等幼犬主动离开后才捡起。
- Prevent access to valuable hazards and practise Drop only with low-value objects the puppy willingly trades.收好高价值危险物，只用幼犬愿意交换的低价值物练 Drop。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
There is freezing, hard staring, growling, lip lifting, snapping, guarding of food or space, or any bite; stop testing and seek qualified help.出现僵住、死盯、低吼、抬唇、空咬、护食护地盘或任何咬人；停止测试并找合格专业人士。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 13问题 13
My puppy ignores the recall cue唤回不回来怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
The cue has been repeated without consequence, predicts the end of fun, or is being tested against distractions before it is ready.口令被反复喊却没有结果、回来总意味着乐趣结束，或尚未稳定就面对过强干扰。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Attach a 5–10 metre long line to a Y-shaped harness only in a safe area set well back from traffic, use a short lead beside roads, and stop testing recall off lead.5–10 米长绳只连接 Y 型胸背，并只在远离车流的安全区域使用；路边使用短绳，并停止脱绳测试唤回。
- Rebuild indoors with one cue, rapid movement away, three excellent rewards and a collar touch.在室内重建：口令只说一次，快速向后移动，给三份高价值奖励并摸项圈。
- Release the puppy back to play after at least half of successful recalls; protect the emergency word.至少一半成功唤回后再次放去玩，并保护紧急唤回词不用作日常口令。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
The puppy chases vehicles, bicycles, runners or wildlife, escapes management, or recall failure creates immediate public-safety risk.幼犬追车、追单车、追跑步者或野生动物，能逃脱管理，或唤回失败已造成即时公共安全风险。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 14问题 14
My puppy becomes too excited to stop太兴奋停不下来怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
Sleep debt, stacked stimulation and play that never includes a recovery phase have pushed arousal above the learning threshold.睡眠债、刺激连续叠加，以及没有恢复阶段的玩耍，把唤起推过了学习阈值。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Remove the trigger and move to a quiet managed space; do not keep giving cues.撤掉刺激并转移到安静管理区；不要继续重复口令。
- Offer five minutes of scatter sniffing or a familiar chew if the puppy can engage.若幼犬还能参与，安排 5 分钟撒食嗅闻或熟悉咀嚼活动。
- Protect the next nap and audit whether total sleep has reached 18–20 hours for an eight-week-old.保护下一段午睡，并核对八周龄幼犬总睡眠是否达到 18–20 小时。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
Arousal changes suddenly, the puppy cannot sleep, spins or chases compulsively, injures itself or others, or remains unable to recover in a quiet space.唤起突然改变、无法睡觉、强迫转圈或追逐、伤到自己或他人，或在安静空间仍无法恢复。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。
Question 15问题 15
My puppy keeps staring at shadows or spots of light一直盯着影子或光斑怎么办？
Most likely cause最可能原因
An emerging compulsive light-chasing pattern is being triggered and self-reinforced by moving reflections or shadows.移动反光或影子正在触发并自我强化早期强迫性追光模式。
What to do today今天怎么做
- Never use a laser pointer or flashlight for play, and stop anyone from creating moving light spots.永远不用激光笔或手电筒逗玩，并阻止任何人制造移动光斑。
- Block reflective surfaces, stabilise moving curtains and change the lighting that creates the trigger.遮挡反光面、固定摆动窗帘，并调整会产生刺激的光线。
- Interrupt at the first stare with distance and a sniffing task; record trigger, duration and recovery.一开始盯视就拉开距离并转入嗅闻任务；记录触发源、持续时间与恢复情况。
Do not handle it alone when什么情况别自己弄
The pattern repeats daily, is difficult to interrupt, replaces sleep or eating, spreads to more triggers or causes injury; contact your veterinarian and seek veterinary behaviour referral early.每天重复、难以打断、挤占睡眠或进食、触发源不断扩展或造成受伤；尽早联系兽医并转诊兽医行为专科。
If two weeks of consistent implementation brings no improvement, or you see freezing, growling or a bite that leaves a mark, follow Chapter 24 and seek professional help.如果两周认真执行仍无改善，或出现僵住、低吼、咬人留痕，请照第 24 章找专业人士。