This is an execution manual, not a book to read once and shelve. 这是一本执行手册，不是读完一次就放回书架的读物。

Every practical chapter ends with “Do these three things,” so you always know what to do this week. Printable logs and scorecards are collected in Chapter 23. 每个实操章节末尾都有「本周就做这三件事」，让你随时知道本周该做什么。可打印的日志与评分卡集中在第 23 章。

Choose your reading path选择你的阅读路径

How to read the cards卡片约定

LIMA means Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive: use the least invasive, least unpleasant effective option. LIMA 指「最小侵入、最小厌恶」：在有效的方法中，选择侵入最少、最不造成不适的方案。

Every technique in this manual stays within positive reinforcement and environmental management. We arrange the situation so the right behaviour is easy, then reinforce it so it becomes more likely. 本手册的所有技术都限定在「正向强化 + 环境管理」内：先把环境安排到正确行为更容易发生，再通过强化让它更常出现。

The minimum learning theory you need只需掌握的最小学习原理

Food, retrieving and social contact are powerful Labrador training levers. The same drives can also produce swallowing, scavenging and uncontrolled greetings unless the environment and reinforcement rules are clear from the start. 食物、叼取与社交是拉布拉多非常有效的训练杠杆；如果环境与强化规则从一开始就不清楚，同样的驱动也会带来误吞、翻找食物与失控迎人。

The breed originated from Newfoundland fishing dogs and was developed for retrieving work. Picking up and carrying are therefore behaviours to channel into delivery, release and safe return—not behaviours to punish out of the puppy. 这一品种源自纽芬兰渔犬，原始用途是寻回工作。因此，叼起与携带应被引导成送回、放开与安全归还，而不是靠惩罚从幼犬身上压掉。

What this means at home这些特点在家中意味着什么

Breed reference data品种参考数据

Suitability家庭适配度

Between eight and sixteen weeks, the puppy is learning what is safe, ordinary and worth avoiding. 8–16 周龄之间，幼犬正在学习什么是安全的、日常的，以及什么需要回避。

You cannot pause this developmental period. The goal is not maximum exposure; it is carefully controlled experience at an intensity the puppy can process. 这个发育阶段不能暂停。目标不是追求最多接触，而是在幼犬能处理的强度下，安排经过控制的体验。

Development timeline发育时间轴

A good first week begins with a small, predictable environment—not with a house full of freedom. 顺利的第一周，起点是小范围、可预测的环境，而不是把整套房子都交给幼犬自由探索。

Divide the home into three zones把家划成三个区域

Breed-specific safety sweep品种专项安全排查

Equipment list装备清单

Use the listed AUD reference ranges where provided. Breed-specific additions without a stable reference range are marked for a current local price check; sizes, brands and prices vary. See the shopping chapter in FluffyWA Puppy Handbook for Australian retailers. 有 AUD 参考区间的项目可用来规划预算；规格未提供稳定价格的品种增补项会标注「查询本地现价」。尺寸、品牌与价格会变化；澳洲购买渠道见 《FluffyWA 幼犬手册》 的购物章节。

Approximate 2026 Perth retail ranges; actual prices vary by store. 价格为 2026 年珀斯零售参考区间，实际以门店为准

Move the times to fit your household; preserve the order and the ratio of awake time to sleep. 时间可以按你的作息整体平移；真正要保持的是事件顺序，以及清醒与睡眠的比例。

Do not do these things in the first week第一周不要做

Introduce family members in this order新家庭成员介绍顺序

1. Children孩子 Ask the child to sit on the floor. No chasing, picking up, hugging or crowding; an adult controls the distance.让孩子坐在地上；不追、不抱、不拥挤，由成人控制距离。
2. Resident dogs家中其他犬 Meet outdoors on neutral ground, then begin with a calm parallel walk before entering the home.在户外中立地点见面，先做平行散步，情绪稳定后再一起进屋。
3. Cats猫 Maintain secure separation and prevent every chase rehearsal. If the breed profile requires professional cat or small-animal compatibility assessment, do not progress to visual or direct exposure yourself; the qualified professional sets the plan. The cat must always have an exit route.保持牢固隔离，并阻止每一次追逐练习。若品种资料要求由专业人士进行猫或小动物相容性评估，主人不得自行推进到视觉或直接接触；由合格专业人士制定方案。猫必须始终有退路。

A marker is one short, consistent sound—a clicker click or a spoken “Yes!”—that means: “That exact behaviour; your reward is coming.” 标记是一个短促、恒定的声音，可以是响片的 click，也可以是口头「Yes!」；它只表示：「就是这个动作，奖励在路上。」

Charge the marker in three steps三步完成标记「充电」

1. Choose a quiet environment选择安静环境 Remove toys, people and movement so the sound is the only new information.先移开玩具、人员与移动干扰，让标记声成为唯一的新信息。
2. Marker, then food within one second ×15标记后 1 秒内给食 ×15 次 Make the sound once, then deliver one piece of food within one second. The puppy does not need to perform a cue.标记声只发一次，并在 1 秒内送上一粒食物；此时不要求幼犬做任何指令。
3. Test the association测试联结是否建立 Make the marker sound while the puppy is not already watching you. An immediate turn towards you means charging is complete.在幼犬没有正看着你时发出标记声；它立刻转向你，就表示充电完成。

Reward placement sets up the next action奖励投放位置决定下一个动作

Your puppy’s name has one meaning: “Look at me.” It does not mean “come,” it does not mean “stop,” and it must never become a reprimand. 幼犬名字只有一个含义：「看我」。它不表示「过来」，不表示「别动」，更不能被用来骂狗。

The name game名字游戏

1. Say the name once名字只叫一次 Choose a random calm moment when the puppy is near you but looking elsewhere.在幼犬靠近你但正看向别处的平静时刻，随机叫一次名字。
2. Mark the turn转头瞬间标记 The instant the puppy turns towards you, mark. Do not wait for a sit or a full approach.幼犬转头看你的瞬间立刻标记；不用等它坐下，也不用等它走到面前。
3. Reward and move on奖励后结束这一次 Deliver the reward, then return to normal life. Complete 20 repetitions each day, spread across the whole day.送上奖励后恢复日常活动。每天做 20 次，并分散在全天完成。

Build voluntary attention培养主动关注

Toilet training is a schedule and supervision task. Every outdoor success is information; every indoor accident means the next trip was scheduled too late. 如厕训练首先是作息与监督任务。每次户外成功都在提供正确信息；每次室内意外都表示下一次带出安排得太晚。

Six times the puppy must go out六个必带出去的时刻

During the day, add a scheduled trip every 45–60 minutes.白天另外每 45–60 分钟定时带出一次。

Use the same toilet-place sequence固定厕所点流程

1. Take the same route走同一条路线 Carry or lead the puppy directly to the toilet area without a tour of the yard.抱着或牵着幼犬直接前往厕所点，不先在院子里闲逛。
2. Use the same surface落在同一块地面 Consistency of place and surface helps the puppy recognise the job.地点与地面材质保持一致，帮助幼犬识别这次出门的任务。
3. Wait quietly for 2–3 minutes不互动等待 2–3 分钟 No play, conversation or wandering while you wait.等待期间不玩、不说话，也不让幼犬四处游走。
4. Mark the instant toileting happens排泄瞬间标记 Mark while the puppy is still outside and completing the behaviour.幼犬仍在户外、正在完成排泄时就标记。
5. Reward outside在户外给奖励 Deliver the reward at the toilet place. Do not wait until you are back indoors.就在厕所点送上奖励，绝对不要等回屋才给。
6. Play only after success成功后才开始玩 If toileting always ends outdoor time, the puppy may learn to hold on to make the outing last longer.如果一排泄就结束户外时间，幼犬可能学会憋着，以延长在外面的时间。

The crate is a bedroom, not a prison. It must never be used as punishment. 笼箱是卧室，不是监狱；绝不能用来惩罚。

Eight-step crate desensitisation笼箱脱敏八步

Advance rule: move on only after the puppy has stayed relaxed through the previous step three times in succession.推进总规则：上一步连续 3 次保持放松，才进入下一步。

1. Open door, free movement门开着，自由进出 Toss food into the crate and allow the puppy to enter and leave freely. Do not close the door.把食物丢进笼里，让幼犬随便进出，不关门。 Advance only after the puppy has remained relaxed through this exact step three consecutive times.本步连续 3 次保持放松后，才可推进。
2. Feed one complete meal inside在笼内吃完一整餐 Place the full meal inside and keep the door open throughout.把完整一餐放进笼内，整个过程保持门开着。 Advance only after the puppy has remained relaxed through this exact step three consecutive times.本步连续 3 次保持放松后，才可推进。
3. Close for three seconds关门 3 秒 After the puppy enters, close the door for three seconds and open it again.幼犬进笼后关门 3 秒，再打开。 Advance only after the puppy has remained relaxed through this exact step three consecutive times.本步连续 3 次保持放松后，才可推进。
4. Close for 10–30 seconds关门 10–30 秒 Stay beside the crate while the door is closed.关门期间，人始终留在笼箱旁边。 Increase within this range only after the puppy has remained relaxed at the current duration three consecutive times.当前时长连续 3 次保持放松后，才在本范围内延长。
5. Filled toy, person in the room填充玩具，人留在房间 Give a filled toy behind the closed door while you sit elsewhere in the room.关门后给一个填充玩具，人坐到房间内的其他位置。 Advance only after the puppy has remained relaxed through this exact step three consecutive times.本步连续 3 次保持放松后，才可推进。
6. Leave sight: 10 seconds → 1 minute → 5 minutes离开视线：10 秒 → 1 分钟 → 5 分钟 Close the door, step out of sight, and return before distress begins.关门后离开视线，并在幼犬出现崩溃前回来。 Move to each longer duration only after three relaxed repetitions at the current duration.当前时长连续 3 次保持放松后，才进入下一个更长时长。
7. Crate naps twice daily每天 2 次笼内午睡 Use the crate for two protected, enforced naps each day.每天安排 2 次不受打扰的强制睡眠，让幼犬在笼内午睡。 Advance only after the puppy has remained relaxed through this exact step three consecutive times.本步连续 3 次保持放松后，才可推进。
8. Leave home for 10 minutes and record出门 10 分钟并录像 Close the door, leave the home for 10 minutes, and use a phone recording to check whether the puppy remains relaxed.关门后主人出门 10 分钟，用手机录像检查幼犬是否放松。 Extend beyond this duration only after three recordings show a relaxed puppy; do not lengthen a distressed repetition.录像连续 3 次显示幼犬保持放松后，才可超过 10 分钟；出现痛苦时绝不延长。

Read the recording, not your hopes用录像判读，不靠猜测

A Labrador's mouth can explore, carry, retrieve or swallow. Identify which pattern is happening, teach bite inhibition and calm release, and treat known or suspected foreign-object ingestion as an immediate veterinary matter. 拉布拉多的嘴可能在探索、携带、叼取或吞咽。先判断当前模式，再教咬合力抑制与平静放开；已知或怀疑误吞异物时立即联系兽医。

First identify what the mouth is doing先判断嘴部行为属于哪一种

Build a softer mouth and a reliable release建立更轻的嘴部力度与可靠放开

Bite inhibition means controlling force and disengaging safely. It does not mean punishing every normal use of the mouth.咬合力抑制指控制力度并安全脱离，不是惩罚每一次正常用嘴。

Use this calm trade-and-return sequence按这套平静交换与归还流程执行

1. Choose a safe practice object选择安全练习物 Practise only with an intact object that is appropriate for the puppy and cannot be swallowed.只使用适合幼犬、保持完整且无法吞下的物品练习。
2. Offer the trade without grabbing不抢夺，直接提出交换 Present higher-value food near the nose while keeping hands away from the object and the puppy's mouth.把更高价值食物送到鼻前，手不要伸向物品或幼犬嘴里。
3. Mark the voluntary release标记主动放开 The instant the mouth opens, mark, deliver the food and pick up the object only after the puppy has moved away from it.嘴一张开就标记并送上食物；等幼犬离开物品后才捡起。
4. Return what is safe安全物适时归还 Return the safe object and continue briefly, so bringing an item to a person does not start a chase or always end access.把安全物归还并短暂继续，让叼物靠近人不再触发追赶，也不总是结束接触。

Teach the behaviour first, remove visible food, then add the word. Each card below uses the same four-part structure so the family can train and assess it consistently. 先教会行为，撤掉眼前食物，再加入口令。下面八张卡都用同一套四段结构，方便全家统一训练与评估。

The 3D progression formula3D 通用推进公式

Increase only one D at a time. When one rises, lower the other two again.一次只增加一个维度；增加一个时，把另外两个降回去。

The first month is not about reaching the park. It is about making the equipment comfortable and teaching that a loose lead makes the world move. 第一个月的目标不是一路走到公园，而是让装备变得舒服，并教会幼犬：绳子松，世界才会继续前进。

Begin indoors in three steps室内先行三步

1. Desensitise the fit穿戴脱敏 Put the harness on, immediately deliver food, and remove it after five seconds.穿上装备就立刻出食物，5 秒后脱下。
2. Drag the lead under supervision在室内拖绳行走 Let the puppy move indoors with the lead attached while an adult watches continuously to prevent tangling.让幼犬在室内拖着绳走，成人必须全程看着，防止缠绕。
3. Play the follow game玩跟随游戏 Walk a few steps and mark whenever the puppy chooses to follow beside you.你先走几步；幼犬只要选择跟在身侧，就立即标记。

Go out safely before vaccination is complete疫苗未完成期也能安全「出门」

Ask your veterinarian which locations and ground surfaces are appropriate for current local disease conditions.是否可以落地、哪些地点可以去，必须以你的兽医对当地疫情的判断为准。

Socialisation does not mean “see as much as possible.” It means creating pleasant or neutral associations at low intensity. One frightening experience can outweigh ten good ones. 社会化不等于「见得多」；社会化是在低强度下产生愉快或中性的联想。一次被吓到，抵得过十次好经验。

Three golden rules三条黄金规则

1. Distance is the volume control距离是你的音量旋钮 Begin far enough away that the puppy can still eat.从远到幼犬仍能吃东西的距离开始。
2. Choice remains with the puppy把选择权留给幼犬 The puppy may approach or move away; never block the exit route.允许幼犬自己选择靠近或离开，永远不堵住退路。
3. Appetite tells you the intensity能否进食告诉你强度 Eating means the level is manageable. Refusing food means it is too close or too loud—move back.吃得下表示强度合适；不吃表示太近或太吵，立即退后。

The 60-item socialisation checklist60 项社会化清单

Social excitement around people and dogs can compete with recall. Practise at a distance where the puppy can still respond. 见人见狗时的社交性兴奋会与唤回竞争；应在幼犬仍能回应的距离练习。

Build it from the house to the park从室内一路建立到公园

1. Indoor chase-me game室内追人游戏

   Say the puppy’s name once, run away and reward it for catching you. Never chase the puppy.叫一次名字后转身跑开，让幼犬追上你就奖励；不要反过来追幼犬。

2. Two-person ping-pong两人对叫的家庭乒乓

   Two people take turns calling and rewarding across a quiet room, one invitation at a time.两个人在安静房间两端轮流邀请和奖励，每次只由一个人发出邀请。

3. Add the cue加入正式口令

   When running to you is predictable, say “Come” once just before the puppy starts moving.当幼犬已经会稳定跑向你时，在它开始移动前只说一次「Come」。

4. Long line in the yard院子里的长绳阶段

   Use a 5–10 m long line as a safety net. Begin with easy distance and very mild distractions.用 5–10m 长牵引绳做安全网，从短距离和很轻的干扰开始。

5. Long line in the park公园里的长绳阶段

   Move to a quiet park only after the yard is reliable; increase distance or distraction, never both together.院子里稳定后才去安静公园；每次只增加距离或干扰中的一个，不要同时增加。

6. Group-specific long-line guidance分组长绳指引

   Use the long line around social distractions and advance only after the puppy can disengage and respond reliably.在人与犬的社交干扰旁使用长绳；只有幼犬能主动移开注意并可靠回应后才推进。

Enrichment and outlet menu丰容与出口菜单

Social excitement on seeing people and dogs is the main issue; practise responding to cues while excited. 见人见狗时的社交性兴奋是主要问题；重点练习「兴奋中仍能听口令」。

Signs of over-arousal过度唤起征兆

Use this order when the puppy is over threshold幼犬超过唤起阈值后，按这个顺序处理

1. Lower the environment先降环境

   Remove the trigger, increase distance or use a barrier. Stop the game rather than repeating cues.撤掉刺激、增加距离或使用隔离设施；停止游戏，不要重复口令。

2. Lower the body再降身体

   Move to a quiet space, reduce movement and offer an appropriate chew if the puppy can use it calmly.进入安静空间、减少活动；若幼犬能平静使用，可提供合适的咀嚼物。

3. Train only after recovery恢复后才谈训练

   Wait until the puppy can eat again, respond to familiar cues and show soft body language before training; effective learning cannot happen while the puppy is over threshold.等到幼犬重新能进食、能回应熟悉口令、身体变柔软时再训练；处于过度唤起时无法进行有效学习。

The excitement sandwich兴奋三明治

1. Start low低唤起开始

   Begin on the mat or with quiet engagement while the puppy can still think and eat.从垫上安定或安静互动开始，确保幼犬仍能思考和吃东西。

2. Add one brief, current-stage outlet加入一段符合当前阶段的短时出口

   Choose an outlet from Chapter 17 that is appropriate for the dog's current developmental stage, then stop on cue while the dog can still respond and eat. Any menu item marked for adulthood or professional guidance remains a future plan, not a puppy exercise.从第 17 章选择符合犬只当前发育阶段的出口，并在仍能回应和进食时按口令结束。菜单中任何标注「成年后」或「需专业指导」的项目都只是未来计划，不是幼犬练习。

3. Return low on cue按口令回到低唤起

   End on cue, then return to the mat, sniffing or quiet chewing. You are teaching recovery from excitement, not merely avoiding excitement.按口令结束，再回到垫子、嗅闻或安静咀嚼。训练目标是从兴奋中恢复，而不是一味避免兴奋。

Enthusiasm for food and retrieving is not evidence that a growing Labrador is ready for more impact. Protect developing joints and body condition, do not use repetitive retrieving as the main exercise, and favour sniffing, problem-solving and controlled low-impact movement. Ask the veterinarian about the individual puppy's growth and exercise plan. 拉布拉多热衷食物与叼取，并不代表成长中的身体已经能承受更多冲击。要保护发育中关节与体况，不把重复叼取当主要运动，优先安排嗅闻、解题与可控的低冲击活动；个体生长与运动计划请咨询兽医。

Before twelve months: limit impact, keep exploration12 月龄前：限制冲击，保留探索

Review points after twelve and eighteen months12 与 18 月龄后的开放节点

For a puppy, use actual age and emotional state, not the calendar alone. If the breed introduction restarts this plan for an adult rehome, use the listed skills as staged work across the first 16 weeks after arrival and keep puppy-only biological figures separate. Tick a row only after a calm pass; if sleep, toileting or confidence slips, return to the easier stage. 幼犬按实际月龄与情绪状态推进，不只看日历。若品种导言要求成年领养犬重新起算本计划，就把所列技能作为到家后第一个 16 周的分阶段任务，并把仅适用于幼犬的生理数字分开理解。平静达标后才勾选；若睡眠、如厕或信心倒退，就回到更容易的阶段。

After 16 weeks16 周之后

Start with sleep, health, management and difficulty. What looks like disobedience is usually a puppy whose needs, environment or training step do not yet match the task.先检查睡眠、健康、环境管理与训练难度。看似「不听话」，通常只是幼犬的需求、环境或当前训练步骤还没与任务匹配。

Use these six sheets in the browser or print blank copies for handwriting. They are working records, not a test of whether you are a “good” owner.这六张表可直接在网页填写，也可打印空白副本手写。它们用于找规律，不是给主人打「好坏」分。

Browser entries are temporary and are not saved after a refresh; printed copies always show blank writing lines and empty boxes.网页填写内容仅供本次使用，刷新后不会保存；打印副本始终显示空白手写行与空勾选框。

Sheet 01 · Training log表 01 · 训练日志

Sheet 02 · One-week toilet record表 02 · 一周如厕记录

Sheet 03 · Socialisation summary表 03 · 社会化汇总

Use Chapter 15 for the full 60-item checklist; this sheet records weekly progress and the experiences that need a gentler repeat.完整 60 项清单见第 15 章；本表只汇总每周进度与需要降低强度重做的项目。

Checklist rows are records, not owner-run live tests. If the breed profile requires professional assessment before exposure to cats or small animals, leave those rows untested and unscored, keep secure separation and record the management plan until the professional directs the next step.清单行是记录项，不是由主人自行实施的活体测试。若品种档案要求接触猫或小动物前由专业人士评估，这些项目应保持「未测试、不计分」，维持牢固隔离并记录管理方案，直到专业人士指示下一步。

Sheet 04 · Sleep and arousal observation表 04 · 睡眠与唤起观察

Sheet 05 · Eight core cues in three locations表 05 · 八项指令三地点达标勾选

Sheet 06 · Sixteen-week review表 06 · 16 周总检核

This review follows puppy development. For an adult rehome whose breed introduction restarts the clock after arrival, review behaviour records against the current after-arrival stage; leave puppy-only biological items blank and record them as not applicable alongside the review rather than forcing them onto the adult dog.本总检核按幼犬发育编排。若品种导读要求成年再安置犬到家后重新起算，应按当前「到家后阶段」复核行为记录；只适用于幼犬的生理发育项目留空，并在复核记录旁标注「不适用」，不要强套在成年犬身上。

Professional help is not a last resort. It is the correct next step whenever safety, health or a puppy’s ability to recover is in doubt.找专业人士不是「最后一招」。只要安全、健康或幼犬恢复能力存在疑问，求助就是正确的下一步。

Who to call, in this order找什么人：按这个顺序

1. Veterinarian · first stop兽医 · 第一站 Rule out pain, illness, sensory changes and other medical contributors before treating a behaviour as “training only.”先排除疼痛、疾病、感官变化与其他医学因素，不要把行为直接当成「只需训练」。
2. Qualified positive-reinforcement trainer具备资质的正向训犬师 Look for positive-reinforcement credentials and professional commitments such as Delta Institute (Delta Society Australia) certification or Pet Professional Guild Australia (PPGA) membership.寻找以正向强化为纲领的资质与专业承诺，例如 Delta Institute（Delta Society Australia）认证或 Pet Professional Guild Australia（PPGA）成员。
3. Veterinary behaviour specialist兽医行为专科 For anxiety, fear, compulsive behaviour or aggression, ask your veterinarian for referral to a veterinary behaviourist who can combine behaviour care with medical assessment when appropriate.涉及焦虑、恐惧、强迫或攻击时，请兽医转诊兽医行为专科；在适合的情况下，对方可结合行为方案与医疗评估。